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- ;;; solar.el --- calendar functions for solar events.
-
- ;; Copyright (C) 1992, 1993, 1995 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
-
- ;; Author: Edward M. Reingold <reingold@cs.uiuc.edu>
- ;; Denis B. Roegel <Denis.Roegel@loria.fr>
- ;; Keywords: calendar
- ;; Human-Keywords: sunrise, sunset, equinox, solstice, calendar, diary,
- ;; holidays
-
- ;; This file is part of GNU Emacs.
-
- ;; GNU Emacs is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- ;; it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- ;; the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option)
- ;; any later version.
-
- ;; GNU Emacs is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- ;; but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- ;; MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
- ;; GNU General Public License for more details.
-
- ;; You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- ;; along with GNU Emacs; see the file COPYING. If not, write to the
- ;; Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330,
- ;; Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
-
- ;;; Commentary:
-
- ;; This collection of functions implements the features of calendar.el,
- ;; diary.el, and holiday.el that deal with times of day, sunrise/sunset, and
- ;; equinoxes/solstices.
-
- ;; Based on the ``Almanac for Computers 1984,'' prepared by the Nautical
- ;; Almanac Office, United States Naval Observatory, Washington, 1984, on
- ;; ``Astronomical Formulae for Calculators,'' 3rd ed., by Jean Meeus,
- ;; Willmann-Bell, Inc., 1985, on ``Astronomical Algorithms'' by Jean Meeus,
- ;; Willmann-Bell, Inc., 1991, and on ``Planetary Programs and Tables from
- ;; -4000 to +2800'' by Pierre Bretagnon and Jean-Louis Simon, Willmann-Bell,
- ;; Inc., 1986.
-
- ;;
- ;; Accuracy:
- ;; 1. Sunrise/sunset times will be accurate to the minute for years
- ;; 1951--2050. For other years the times will be within +/- 2 minutes.
- ;;
- ;; 2. Equinox/solstice times will be accurate to the minute for years
- ;; 1951--2050. For other years the times will be within +/- 1 minute.
-
- ;; Comments, corrections, and improvements should be sent to
- ;; Edward M. Reingold Department of Computer Science
- ;; (217) 333-6733 University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- ;; reingold@cs.uiuc.edu 1304 West Springfield Avenue
- ;; Urbana, Illinois 61801
-
- ;;; Code:
-
- (if (fboundp 'atan)
- (require 'lisp-float-type)
- (error "Solar/lunar calculations impossible since floating point is unavailable."))
-
- (require 'cal-dst)
- (require 'cal-julian)
-
- ;;;###autoload
- (defvar calendar-time-display-form
- '(12-hours ":" minutes am-pm
- (if time-zone " (") time-zone (if time-zone ")"))
- "*The pseudo-pattern that governs the way a time of day is formatted.
-
- A pseudo-pattern is a list of expressions that can involve the keywords
- `12-hours', `24-hours', and `minutes', all numbers in string form,
- and `am-pm' and `time-zone', both alphabetic strings.
-
- For example, the form
-
- '(24-hours \":\" minutes
- (if time-zone \" (\") time-zone (if time-zone \")\"))
-
- would give military-style times like `21:07 (UTC)'.")
-
- ;;;###autoload
- (defvar calendar-latitude nil
- "*Latitude of `calendar-location-name' in degrees.
-
- The value can be either a decimal fraction (one place of accuracy is
- sufficient), + north, - south, such as 40.7 for New York City, or the value
- can be a vector [degrees minutes north/south] such as [40 50 north] for New
- York City.
-
- This variable should be set in `site-start'.el.")
-
- ;;;###autoload
- (defvar calendar-longitude nil
- "*Longitude of `calendar-location-name' in degrees.
-
- The value can be either a decimal fraction (one place of accuracy is
- sufficient), + east, - west, such as -73.9 for New York City, or the value
- can be a vector [degrees minutes east/west] such as [73 55 west] for New
- York City.
-
- This variable should be set in `site-start'.el.")
-
- (defsubst calendar-latitude ()
- "Convert calendar-latitude to a signed decimal fraction, if needed."
- (if (numberp calendar-latitude)
- calendar-latitude
- (let ((lat (+ (aref calendar-latitude 0)
- (/ (aref calendar-latitude 1) 60.0))))
- (if (equal (aref calendar-latitude 2) 'north)
- lat
- (- lat)))))
-
- (defsubst calendar-longitude ()
- "Convert calendar-longitude to a signed decimal fraction, if needed."
- (if (numberp calendar-longitude)
- calendar-longitude
- (let ((long (+ (aref calendar-longitude 0)
- (/ (aref calendar-longitude 1) 60.0))))
- (if (equal (aref calendar-longitude 2) 'east)
- long
- (- long)))))
-
- ;;;###autoload
- (defvar calendar-location-name
- '(let ((float-output-format "%.1f"))
- (format "%s%s, %s%s"
- (if (numberp calendar-latitude)
- (abs calendar-latitude)
- (+ (aref calendar-latitude 0)
- (/ (aref calendar-latitude 1) 60.0)))
- (if (numberp calendar-latitude)
- (if (> calendar-latitude 0) "N" "S")
- (if (equal (aref calendar-latitude 2) 'north) "N" "S"))
- (if (numberp calendar-longitude)
- (abs calendar-longitude)
- (+ (aref calendar-longitude 0)
- (/ (aref calendar-longitude 1) 60.0)))
- (if (numberp calendar-longitude)
- (if (> calendar-longitude 0) "E" "W")
- (if (equal (aref calendar-longitude 2) 'east) "E" "W"))))
- "*Expression evaluating to name of `calendar-longitude', calendar-latitude'.
- For example, \"New York City\". Default value is just the latitude, longitude
- pair.
-
- This variable should be set in `site-start'.el.")
-
- (defvar solar-error 0.5
- "*Tolerance (in minutes) for sunrise/sunset calculations.
-
- A larger value makes the calculations for sunrise/sunset faster, but less
- accurate. The default is half a minute (30 seconds), so that sunrise/sunset
- times will be correct to the minute.
-
- It is useless to set the value smaller than 4*delta, where delta is the
- accuracy in the longitude of the sun (given by the function
- `solar-ecliptic-coordinates') in degrees since (delta/360) x (86400/60) = 4 x
- delta. At present, delta = 0.01 degrees, so the value of the variable
- `solar-error' should be at least 0.04 minutes (about 2.5 seconds).")
-
- (defvar solar-n-hemi-seasons
- '("Vernal Equinox" "Summer Solstice" "Autumnal Equinox" "Winter Solstice")
- "List of season changes for the northern hemisphere.")
-
- (defvar solar-s-hemi-seasons
- '("Autumnal Equinox" "Winter Solstice" "Vernal Equinox" "Summer Solstice")
- "List of season changes for the southern hemisphere.")
-
- (defvar solar-sidereal-time-greenwich-midnight
- nil
- "Sidereal time at Greenwich at midnight (universal time).")
-
- (defvar solar-spring-or-summer-season nil
- "T if spring or summer and nil otherwise.
- Needed for polar areas, in order to know whether the day lasts 0 or 24 hours.")
-
- (defun solar-setup ()
- "Prompt user for latitude, longitude, and time zone."
- (beep)
- (if (not calendar-longitude)
- (setq calendar-longitude
- (solar-get-number
- "Enter longitude (decimal fraction; + east, - west): ")))
- (if (not calendar-latitude)
- (setq calendar-latitude
- (solar-get-number
- "Enter latitude (decimal fraction; + north, - south): ")))
- (if (not calendar-time-zone)
- (setq calendar-time-zone
- (solar-get-number
- "Enter difference from Coordinated Universal Time (in minutes): "))))
-
- (defun solar-get-number (prompt)
- "Return a number from the minibuffer, prompting with PROMPT.
- Returns nil if nothing was entered."
- (let ((x (read-string prompt "")))
- (if (not (string-equal x ""))
- (string-to-int x))))
-
- ;; The condition-case stuff is needed to catch bogus arithmetic
- ;; exceptions that occur on some machines (like Sparcs)
- (defun solar-sin-degrees (x)
- (condition-case nil
- (sin (degrees-to-radians (mod x 360.0)))
- (solar-sin-degrees x)))
- (defun solar-cosine-degrees (x)
- (condition-case nil
- (cos (degrees-to-radians (mod x 360.0)))
- (solar-cosine-degrees x)))
- (defun solar-tangent-degrees (x)
- (condition-case nil
- (tan (degrees-to-radians (mod x 360.0)))
- (solar-tangent-degrees x)))
-
- (defun solar-xy-to-quadrant (x y)
- "Determines the quadrant of the point X, Y."
- (if (> x 0)
- (if (> y 0) 1 4)
- (if (> y 0) 2 3)))
-
- (defun solar-degrees-to-quadrant (angle)
- "Determines the quadrant of ANGLE."
- (1+ (floor (mod angle 360) 90)))
-
- (defun solar-arctan (x quad)
- "Arctangent of X in quadrant QUAD."
- (let ((deg (radians-to-degrees (atan x))))
- (cond ((equal quad 2) (+ deg 180))
- ((equal quad 3) (+ deg 180))
- ((equal quad 4) (+ deg 360))
- (t deg))))
-
- (defun solar-atn2 (x y)
- "Arctan of point X, Y."
- (if (= x 0)
- (if (> y 0) 90 270)
- (solar-arctan (/ y x) x)))
-
- (defun solar-arccos (x)
- "Arcos of X."
- (let ((y (sqrt (- 1 (* x x)))))
- (solar-atn2 x y)))
-
- (defun solar-arcsin (y)
- "Arcsin of Y."
- (let ((x (sqrt (- 1 (* y y)))))
- (solar-atn2 x y)
- ))
-
- (defsubst solar-degrees-to-hours (degrees)
- "Convert DEGREES to hours."
- (/ degrees 15.0))
-
- (defsubst solar-hours-to-days (hour)
- "Convert HOUR to decimal fraction of a day."
- (/ hour 24.0))
-
- (defun solar-right-ascension (longitude obliquity)
- "Right ascension of the sun, in hours, given LONGITUDE and OBLIQUITY.
- Both arguments are in degrees."
- (solar-degrees-to-hours
- (solar-arctan
- (* (solar-cosine-degrees obliquity) (solar-tangent-degrees longitude))
- (solar-degrees-to-quadrant longitude))))
-
- (defun solar-declination (longitude obliquity)
- "Declination of the sun, in degrees, given LONGITUDE and OBLIQUITY.
- Both arguments are in degrees."
- (solar-arcsin
- (* (solar-sin-degrees obliquity)
- (solar-sin-degrees longitude))))
-
- (defun solar-sunrise-and-sunset (time latitude longitude)
- "Sunrise, sunset and length of day.
- Parameters are the midday TIME and the LATITUDE, LONGITUDE of the location.
-
- TIME is a pair with the first component being the number of Julian centuries
- elapsed at 0 Universal Time, and the second component being the universal
- time. For instance, the pair corresponding to November 28, 1995 at 16 UT is
- \(-0.040945 16), -0.040945 being the number of julian centuries elapsed between
- Jan 1, 2000 at 12 UT and November 28, 1995 at 0 UT.
-
- Coordinates are included because this function is called with latitude=10
- degrees to find out if polar regions have 24 hours of sun or only night."
- (let* ((rise-time (solar-moment -1 latitude longitude time))
- (set-time (solar-moment 1 latitude longitude time))
- (day-length))
- (if (not (and rise-time set-time))
- (if (or (and (> latitude 0) solar-spring-or-summer-season)
- (and (< latitude 0) (not solar-spring-or-summer-season)))
- (setq day-length 24)
- (setq day-length 0))
- (setq day-length (- set-time rise-time)))
- (list (if rise-time (+ rise-time (/ calendar-time-zone 60.0)) nil)
- (if set-time (+ set-time (/ calendar-time-zone 60.0)) nil)
- day-length)))
-
- (defun solar-moment (direction latitude longitude time)
- "Sunrise/sunset at location.
- Sunrise if DIRECTION =-1 or sunset if =1 at LATITUDE, LONGITUDE, with midday
- being TIME.
-
- TIME is a pair with the first component being the number of Julian centuries
- elapsed at 0 Universal Time, and the second component being the universal
- time. For instance, the pair corresponding to November 28, 1995 at 16 UT is
- \(-0.040945 16), -0.040945 being the number of julian centuries elapsed between
- Jan 1, 2000 at 12 UT and November 28, 1995 at 0 UT.
-
- Uses binary search."
- (let* ((ut (car (cdr time)))
- (possible 1) ; we assume that rise or set are possible
- (utmin (+ ut (* direction 12.0)))
- (utmax ut) ; the time searched is between utmin and utmax
- ; utmin and utmax are in hours
- (utmoment-old 0.0) ; rise or set approximation
- (utmoment 1.0) ; rise or set approximation
- (hut 0) ; sun height at utmoment
- (t0 (car time))
- (hmin (car (cdr
- (solar-horizontal-coordinates (list t0 utmin)
- latitude longitude t))))
- (hmax (car (cdr
- (solar-horizontal-coordinates (list t0 utmax)
- latitude longitude t)))))
- ; -0.61 degrees is the height of the middle of the sun, when it rises
- ; or sets.
- (if (< hmin -0.61)
- (if (> hmax -0.61)
- (while ;(< i 20) ; we perform a simple dichotomy
- ; (> (abs (+ hut 0.61)) epsilon)
- (>= (abs (- utmoment utmoment-old))
- (/ solar-error 60))
- (setq utmoment-old utmoment)
- (setq utmoment (/ (+ utmin utmax) 2))
- (setq hut (car (cdr
- (solar-horizontal-coordinates
- (list t0 utmoment) latitude longitude t))))
- (if (< hut -0.61) (setq utmin utmoment))
- (if (> hut -0.61) (setq utmax utmoment))
- )
- (setq possible 0)) ; the sun never rises
- (setq possible 0)) ; the sun never sets
- (if (equal possible 0) nil utmoment)))
-
- (defun solar-time-string (time time-zone)
- "Printable form for decimal fraction TIME in TIME-ZONE.
- Format used is given by `calendar-time-display-form'."
- (let* ((time (round (* 60 time)))
- (24-hours (/ time 60))
- (minutes (format "%02d" (% time 60)))
- (12-hours (format "%d" (1+ (% (+ 24-hours 11) 12))))
- (am-pm (if (>= 24-hours 12) "pm" "am"))
- (24-hours (format "%02d" 24-hours)))
- (mapconcat 'eval calendar-time-display-form "")))
-
-
- (defun solar-daylight (time)
- "Printable form for time expressed in hours."
- (format "%d:%02d"
- (floor time)
- (floor (* 60 (- time (floor time))))))
-
- (defun solar-exact-local-noon (date)
- "Date and Universal Time of local noon at *local date* date.
-
- The date may be different from the one asked for, but it will be the right
- local date. The second component of date should be an integer."
- (let* ((nd date)
- (ut (- 12.0 (/ (calendar-longitude) 15)))
- (te (solar-time-equation date ut)))
- (setq ut (- ut te))
- (if (>= ut 24)
- (progn
- (setq nd (list (car date) (+ 1 (car (cdr date)))
- (car (cdr (cdr date)))))
- (setq ut (- ut 24))))
- (if (< ut 0)
- (progn
- (setq nd (list (car date) (- (car (cdr date)) 1)
- (car (cdr (cdr date)))))
- (setq ut (+ ut 24))))
- (setq nd (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute
- (calendar-absolute-from-gregorian nd)))
- ; date standardization
- (list nd ut)))
-
- (defun solar-sunrise-sunset (date)
- "List of *local* times of sunrise, sunset, and daylight on Gregorian DATE.
-
- Corresponding value is nil if there is no sunrise/sunset."
- (let* (; first, get the exact moment of local noon.
- (exact-local-noon (solar-exact-local-noon date))
- ; get the the time from the 2000 epoch.
- (t0 (solar-julian-ut-centuries (car exact-local-noon)))
- ; store the sidereal time at Greenwich at midnight of UT time.
- ; find if summer or winter slightly above the equator
- (equator-rise-set
- (progn (setq solar-sidereal-time-greenwich-midnight
- (solar-sidereal-time t0))
- (solar-sunrise-and-sunset
- (list t0 (car (cdr exact-local-noon)))
- 10.0
- (calendar-longitude))))
- ; store the spring/summer information,
- ; compute sunrise and sunset (two first components of rise-set).
- ; length of day is the third component (it is only the difference
- ; between sunset and sunrise when there is a sunset and a sunrise)
- (rise-set
- (progn
- (setq solar-spring-or-summer-season
- (if (> (car (cdr (cdr equator-rise-set))) 12) 1 0))
- (solar-sunrise-and-sunset
- (list t0 (car (cdr exact-local-noon)))
- (calendar-latitude)
- (calendar-longitude))))
- (rise (car rise-set))
- (adj-rise (if rise (dst-adjust-time date rise) nil))
- (set (car (cdr rise-set)))
- (adj-set (if set (dst-adjust-time date set) nil))
- (length (car (cdr (cdr rise-set)))) )
- (list
- (and rise (calendar-date-equal date (car adj-rise)) (cdr adj-rise))
- (and set (calendar-date-equal date (car adj-set)) (cdr adj-set))
- (solar-daylight length))))
-
- (defun solar-sunrise-sunset-string (date)
- "String of *local* times of sunrise, sunset, and daylight on Gregorian DATE."
- (let ((l (solar-sunrise-sunset date)))
- (format
- "%s, %s at %s (%s hours daylight)"
- (if (car l)
- (concat "Sunrise " (apply 'solar-time-string (car l)))
- "No sunrise")
- (if (car (cdr l))
- (concat "sunset " (apply 'solar-time-string (car (cdr l))))
- "no sunset")
- (eval calendar-location-name)
- (car (cdr (cdr l))))))
-
- (defun solar-julian-ut-centuries (date)
- "Number of Julian centuries elapsed since 1 Jan, 2000 at noon U.T. for Gregorian DATE."
- (/ (- (calendar-absolute-from-gregorian date)
- (calendar-absolute-from-gregorian '(1 1.5 2000)))
- 36525.0))
-
- (defun solar-ephemeris-time(time)
- "Ephemeris Time at moment TIME.
-
- TIME is a pair with the first component being the number of Julian centuries
- elapsed at 0 Universal Time, and the second component being the universal
- time. For instance, the pair corresponding to November 28, 1995 at 16 UT is
- \(-0.040945 16), -0.040945 being the number of julian centuries elapsed between
- Jan 1, 2000 at 12 UT and November 28, 1995 at 0 UT.
-
- Result is in julian centuries of ephemeris time."
- (let* ((t0 (car time))
- (ut (car (cdr time)))
- (t1 (+ t0 (/ (/ ut 24.0) 36525)))
- (y (+ 2000 (* 100 t1)))
- (dt (* 86400 (solar-ephemeris-correction (floor y)))))
- (+ t1 (/ (/ dt 86400) 36525))))
-
- (defun solar-date-next-longitude (d l)
- "First moment on or after Julian day number D when sun's longitude is a
- multiple of L degrees at calendar-location-name with that location's
- local time (including any daylight savings rules).
-
- L must be an integer divisor of 360.
-
- Result is in local time expressed astronomical (Julian) day numbers.
-
- The values of calendar-daylight-savings-starts,
- calendar-daylight-savings-starts-time, calendar-daylight-savings-ends,
- calendar-daylight-savings-ends-time, calendar-daylight-time-offset, and
- calendar-time-zone are used to interpret local time."
- (let* ((long)
- (start d)
- (start-long (solar-longitude d))
- (next (mod (* l (1+ (floor (/ start-long l)))) 360))
- (end (+ d (* (/ l 360.0) 400)))
- (end-long (solar-longitude end)))
- (while ;; bisection search for nearest minute
- (< 0.00001 (- end start))
- ;; start <= d < end
- ;; start-long <= next < end-long when next != 0
- ;; when next = 0, we look for the discontinuity (start-long is near 360
- ;; and end-long is small (less than l).
- (setq d (/ (+ start end) 2.0))
- (setq long (solar-longitude d))
- (if (or (and (/= next 0) (< long next))
- (and (= next 0) (< l long)))
- (progn
- (setq start d)
- (setq start-long long))
- (setq end d)
- (setq end-long long)))
- (/ (+ start end) 2.0)))
-
- (defun solar-horizontal-coordinates
- (time latitude longitude for-sunrise-sunset)
- "Azimuth and height of the sun at TIME, LATITUDE, and LONGITUDE.
-
- TIME is a pair with the first component being the number of Julian centuries
- elapsed at 0 Universal Time, and the second component being the universal
- time. For instance, the pair corresponding to November 28, 1995 at 16 UT is
- \(-0.040945 16), -0.040945 being the number of julian centuries elapsed between
- Jan 1, 2000 at 12 UT and November 28, 1995 at 0 UT.
-
- The azimuth is given in degrees as well as the height (between -180 and 180)."
- (let* ((ut (car (cdr time)))
- (ec (solar-equatorial-coordinates time for-sunrise-sunset))
- (st (+ solar-sidereal-time-greenwich-midnight
- (* ut 1.00273790935)))
- (ah (- (* st 15) (* 15 (car ec)) (* -1 (calendar-longitude))))
- ; hour angle (in degrees)
- (de (car (cdr ec)))
- (azimuth (solar-atn2 (- (* (solar-cosine-degrees ah)
- (solar-sin-degrees latitude))
- (* (solar-tangent-degrees de)
- (solar-cosine-degrees latitude)))
- (solar-sin-degrees ah)))
- (height (solar-arcsin
- (+ (* (solar-sin-degrees latitude) (solar-sin-degrees de))
- (* (solar-cosine-degrees latitude)
- (solar-cosine-degrees de)
- (solar-cosine-degrees ah))))))
- (if (> height 180) (setq height (- height 360)))
- (list azimuth height)))
-
- (defun solar-equatorial-coordinates (time for-sunrise-sunset)
- "Right ascension (in hours) and declination (in degrees) of the sun at TIME.
-
- TIME is a pair with the first component being the number of Julian centuries
- elapsed at 0 Universal Time, and the second component being the universal
- time. For instance, the pair corresponding to November 28, 1995 at 16 UT is
- \(-0.040945 16), -0.040945 being the number of julian centuries elapsed between
- Jan 1, 2000 at 12 UT and November 28, 1995 at 0 UT."
- (let* ((tm (solar-ephemeris-time time))
- (ec (solar-ecliptic-coordinates tm for-sunrise-sunset)))
- (list (solar-right-ascension (car ec) (car (cdr ec)))
- (solar-declination (car ec) (car (cdr ec))))))
-
- (defun solar-ecliptic-coordinates (time for-sunrise-sunset)
- "Apparent longitude of the sun, ecliptic inclination, (both in degrees)
- equation of time (in hours) and nutation in longitude (in seconds)
- at moment `time', expressed in julian centuries of Ephemeris Time
- since January 1st, 2000, at 12 ET."
- (let* ((l (+ 280.46645
- (* 36000.76983 time)
- (* 0.0003032 time time))) ; sun mean longitude
- (ml (+ 218.3165
- (* 481267.8813 time))) ; moon mean longitude
- (m (+ 357.52910
- (* 35999.05030 time)
- (* -0.0001559 time time)
- (* -0.00000048 time time time))) ; sun mean anomaly
- (i (+ 23.43929111 (* -0.013004167 time)
- (* -0.00000016389 time time)
- (* 0.0000005036 time time time))); mean inclination
- (c (+ (* (+ 1.914600
- (* -0.004817 time)
- (* -0.000014 time time))
- (solar-sin-degrees m))
- (* (+ 0.019993 (* -0.000101 time))
- (solar-sin-degrees (* 2 m)))
- (* 0.000290
- (solar-sin-degrees (* 3 m))))) ; center equation
- (L (+ l c)) ; total longitude
- (omega (+ 125.04
- (* -1934.136 time))) ; longitude of moon's ascending node
- ; on the ecliptic
- (nut (if (not for-sunrise-sunset)
- (+ (* -17.20 (solar-sin-degrees omega))
- (* -1.32 (solar-sin-degrees (* 2 l)))
- (* -0.23 (solar-sin-degrees (* 2 ml)))
- (* 0.21 (solar-sin-degrees (* 2 omega))))
- nil))
- ; nut = nutation in longitude, measured in seconds of angle.
- (ecc (if (not for-sunrise-sunset)
- (+ 0.016708617
- (* -0.000042037 time)
- (* -0.0000001236 time time)) ; eccentricity of earth's orbit
- nil))
- (app (+ L
- -0.00569
- (* -0.00478
- (solar-sin-degrees omega)))) ; apparent longitude of sun
- (y (if (not for-sunrise-sunset)
- (* (solar-tangent-degrees (/ i 2))
- (solar-tangent-degrees (/ i 2)))
- nil))
- (time-eq (if (not for-sunrise-sunset)
- (/ (* 12 (+ (* y (solar-sin-degrees (* 2 l)))
- (* -2 ecc (solar-sin-degrees m))
- (* 4 ecc y (solar-sin-degrees m)
- (solar-cosine-degrees (* 2 l)))
- (* -0.5 y y (solar-sin-degrees (* 4 l)))
- (* -1.25 ecc ecc (solar-sin-degrees (* 2 m)))))
- 3.1415926535)
- nil)))
- ; equation of time, in hours
- (list app i time-eq nut)))
-
- (defun solar-longitude (d)
- "Longitude of sun on astronomical (Julian) day number D.
- Accurary is about 0.0006 degree (about 365.25*24*60*0.0006/360 = 1 minutes).
-
- The values of calendar-daylight-savings-starts,
- calendar-daylight-savings-starts-time, calendar-daylight-savings-ends,
- calendar-daylight-savings-ends-time, calendar-daylight-time-offset, and
- calendar-time-zone are used to interpret local time."
- (let* ((a-d (calendar-absolute-from-astro d))
- ;; get Universal Time
- (date (calendar-astro-from-absolute
- (- a-d
- (if (dst-in-effect a-d)
- (/ calendar-daylight-time-offset 24.0 60.0) 0)
- (/ calendar-time-zone 60.0 24.0))))
- ;; get Ephemeris Time
- (date (+ date (solar-ephemeris-correction
- (extract-calendar-year
- (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute
- (floor
- (calendar-absolute-from-astro
- date)))))))
- (U (/ (- date 2451545) 3652500))
- (longitude
- (+ 4.9353929
- (* 62833.1961680 U)
- (* 0.0000001
- (apply '+
- (mapcar '(lambda (x)
- (* (car x)
- (sin (mod
- (+ (car (cdr x))
- (* (car (cdr (cdr x))) U))
- (* 2 pi)))))
- solar-data-list)))))
- (aberration
- (* 0.0000001 (- (* 17 (cos (+ 3.10 (* 62830.14 U)))) 973)))
- (A1 (mod (+ 2.18 (* U (+ -3375.70 (* 0.36 U)))) (* 2 pi)))
- (A2 (mod (+ 3.51 (* U (+ 125666.39 (* 0.10 U)))) (* 2 pi)))
- (nutation (* -0.0000001 (+ (* 834 (sin A1)) (* 64 (sin A2))))))
- (mod (radians-to-degrees (+ longitude aberration nutation)) 360.0)))
-
- (defconst solar-data-list
- '((403406 4.721964 1.621043)
- (195207 5.937458 62830.348067)
- (119433 1.115589 62830.821524)
- (112392 5.781616 62829.634302)
- (3891 5.5474 125660.5691)
- (2819 1.5120 125660.984)
- (1721 4.1897 62832.4766)
- (0 1.163 0.813)
- (660 5.415 125659.31)
- (350 4.315 57533.85)
- (334 4.553 -33.931)
- (314 5.198 777137.715)
- (268 5.989 78604.191)
- (242 2.911 5.412)
- (234 1.423 39302.098)
- (158 0.061 -34.861)
- (132 2.317 115067.698)
- (129 3.193 15774.337)
- (114 2.828 5296.670)
- (99 0.52 58849.27)
- (93 4.65 5296.11)
- (86 4.35 -3980.70)
- (78 2.75 52237.69)
- (72 4.50 55076.47)
- (68 3.23 261.08)
- (64 1.22 15773.85)
- (46 0.14 188491.03)
- (38 3.44 -7756.55)
- (37 4.37 264.89)
- (32 1.14 117906.27)
- (29 2.84 55075.75)
- (28 5.96 -7961.39)
- (27 5.09 188489.81)
- (27 1.72 2132.19)
- (25 2.56 109771.03)
- (24 1.92 54868.56)
- (21 0.09 25443.93)
- (21 5.98 -55731.43)
- (20 4.03 60697.74)
- (18 4.47 2132.79)
- (17 0.79 109771.63)
- (14 4.24 -7752.82)
- (13 2.01 188491.91)
- (13 2.65 207.81)
- (13 4.98 29424.63)
- (12 0.93 -7.99)
- (10 2.21 46941.14)
- (10 3.59 -68.29)
- (10 1.50 21463.25)
- (10 2.55 157208.40)))
-
- (defun solar-ephemeris-correction (year)
- "Ephemeris time minus Universal Time during Gregorian year.
- Result is in days.
-
- For the years 1800-1987, the maximum error is 1.9 seconds.
- For the other years, the maximum error is about 30 seconds."
- (cond ((and (<= 1988 year) (< year 2020))
- (/ (+ year -2000 67.0) 60.0 60.0 24.0))
- ((and (<= 1900 year) (< year 1988))
- (let* ((theta (/ (- (calendar-astro-from-absolute
- (calendar-absolute-from-gregorian
- (list 7 1 year)))
- (calendar-astro-from-absolute
- (calendar-absolute-from-gregorian
- '(1 1 1900))))
- 36525.0))
- (theta2 (* theta theta))
- (theta3 (* theta2 theta))
- (theta4 (* theta2 theta2))
- (theta5 (* theta3 theta2)))
- (+ -0.00002
- (* 0.000297 theta)
- (* 0.025184 theta2)
- (* -0.181133 theta3)
- (* 0.553040 theta4)
- (* -0.861938 theta5)
- (* 0.677066 theta3 theta3)
- (* -0.212591 theta4 theta3))))
- ((and (<= 1800 year) (< year 1900))
- (let* ((theta (/ (- (calendar-astro-from-absolute
- (calendar-absolute-from-gregorian
- (list 7 1 year)))
- (calendar-astro-from-absolute
- (calendar-absolute-from-gregorian
- '(1 1 1900))))
- 36525.0))
- (theta2 (* theta theta))
- (theta3 (* theta2 theta))
- (theta4 (* theta2 theta2))
- (theta5 (* theta3 theta2)))
- (+ -0.000009
- (* 0.003844 theta)
- (* 0.083563 theta2)
- (* 0.865736 theta3)
- (* 4.867575 theta4)
- (* 15.845535 theta5)
- (* 31.332267 theta3 theta3)
- (* 38.291999 theta4 theta3)
- (* 28.316289 theta4 theta4)
- (* 11.636204 theta4 theta5)
- (* 2.043794 theta5 theta5))))
- ((and (<= 1620 year) (< year 1800))
- (let ((x (/ (- year 1600) 10.0)))
- (/ (+ (* 2.19167 x x) (* -40.675 x) 196.58333) 60.0 60.0 24.0)))
- (t (let* ((tmp (- (calendar-astro-from-absolute
- (calendar-absolute-from-gregorian
- (list 1 1 year)))
- 2382148))
- (second (- (/ (* tmp tmp) 41048480.0) 15)))
- (/ second 60.0 60.0 24.0)))))
-
- (defun solar-sidereal-time (t0)
- "Sidereal time (in hours) in Greenwich.
-
- At T0=Julian centuries of universal time.
- T0 must correspond to 0 hours UT."
- (let* ((mean-sid-time (+ 6.6973746
- (* 2400.051337 t0)
- (* 0.0000258622 t0 t0)
- (* -0.0000000017222 t0 t0 t0)))
- (et (solar-ephemeris-time (list t0 0.0)))
- (nut-i (solar-ecliptic-coordinates et nil))
- (nut (car (cdr (cdr (cdr nut-i))))) ; nutation
- (i (car (cdr nut-i)))) ; inclination
- (mod (+ (mod (+ mean-sid-time
- (/ (/ (* nut (solar-cosine-degrees i)) 15) 3600)) 24.0)
- 24.0)
- 24.0)))
-
- (defun solar-time-equation (date ut)
- "Equation of time expressed in hours at Gregorian DATE at Universal time UT."
- (let* ((et (solar-date-to-et date ut))
- (ec (solar-ecliptic-coordinates et nil)))
- (car (cdr (cdr ec)))))
-
- (defun solar-date-to-et (date ut)
- "Ephemeris Time at Gregorian DATE at Universal Time UT (in hours).
- Expressed in julian centuries of Ephemeris Time."
- (let ((t0 (solar-julian-ut-centuries date)))
- (solar-ephemeris-time (list t0 ut))))
-
- ;;;###autoload
- (defun sunrise-sunset (&optional arg)
- "Local time of sunrise and sunset for today. Accurate to a few seconds.
- If called with an optional prefix argument, prompt for date.
-
- If called with an optional double prefix argument, prompt for longitude,
- latitude, time zone, and date, and always use standard time.
-
- This function is suitable for execution in a .emacs file."
- (interactive "p")
- (or arg (setq arg 1))
- (if (and (< arg 16)
- (not (and calendar-latitude calendar-longitude calendar-time-zone)))
- (solar-setup))
- (let* ((calendar-longitude
- (if (< arg 16) calendar-longitude
- (solar-get-number
- "Enter longitude (decimal fraction; + east, - west): ")))
- (calendar-latitude
- (if (< arg 16) calendar-latitude
- (solar-get-number
- "Enter latitude (decimal fraction; + north, - south): ")))
- (calendar-time-zone
- (if (< arg 16) calendar-time-zone
- (solar-get-number
- "Enter difference from Coordinated Universal Time (in minutes): ")))
- (calendar-location-name
- (if (< arg 16) calendar-location-name
- (let ((float-output-format "%.1f"))
- (format "%s%s, %s%s"
- (if (numberp calendar-latitude)
- (abs calendar-latitude)
- (+ (aref calendar-latitude 0)
- (/ (aref calendar-latitude 1) 60.0)))
- (if (numberp calendar-latitude)
- (if (> calendar-latitude 0) "N" "S")
- (if (equal (aref calendar-latitude 2) 'north) "N" "S"))
- (if (numberp calendar-longitude)
- (abs calendar-longitude)
- (+ (aref calendar-longitude 0)
- (/ (aref calendar-longitude 1) 60.0)))
- (if (numberp calendar-longitude)
- (if (> calendar-longitude 0) "E" "W")
- (if (equal (aref calendar-longitude 2) 'east)
- "E" "W"))))))
- (calendar-standard-time-zone-name
- (if (< arg 16) calendar-standard-time-zone-name
- (cond ((= calendar-time-zone 0) "UTC")
- ((< calendar-time-zone 0)
- (format "UTC%dmin" calendar-time-zone))
- (t (format "UTC+%dmin" calendar-time-zone)))))
- (calendar-daylight-savings-starts
- (if (< arg 16) calendar-daylight-savings-starts))
- (calendar-daylight-savings-ends
- (if (< arg 16) calendar-daylight-savings-ends))
- (date (if (< arg 4) (calendar-current-date) (calendar-read-date)))
- (date-string (calendar-date-string date t))
- (time-string (solar-sunrise-sunset-string date))
- (msg (format "%s: %s" date-string time-string))
- (one-window (one-window-p t)))
- (if (<= (length msg) (frame-width))
- (message "%s" msg)
- (with-output-to-temp-buffer "*temp*"
- (princ (concat date-string "\n" time-string)))
- (message "%s"
- (substitute-command-keys
- (if one-window
- (if pop-up-windows
- "Type \\[delete-other-windows] to remove temp window."
- "Type \\[switch-to-buffer] RET to remove temp window.")
- "Type \\[switch-to-buffer-other-window] RET to restore old contents of temp window."))))))
-
- (defun calendar-sunrise-sunset ()
- "Local time of sunrise and sunset for date under cursor.
- Accurate to a few seconds."
- (interactive)
- (if (not (and calendar-latitude calendar-longitude calendar-time-zone))
- (solar-setup))
- (let ((date (calendar-cursor-to-date t)))
- (message "%s: %s"
- (calendar-date-string date t t)
- (solar-sunrise-sunset-string date))))
-
- (defun diary-sunrise-sunset ()
- "Local time of sunrise and sunset as a diary entry.
- Accurate to a few seconds."
- (if (not (and calendar-latitude calendar-longitude calendar-time-zone))
- (solar-setup))
- (solar-sunrise-sunset-string date))
-
- (defun diary-sabbath-candles ()
- "Local time of candle lighting diary entry--applies if date is a Friday.
- No diary entry if there is no sunset on that date."
- (if (not (and calendar-latitude calendar-longitude calendar-time-zone))
- (solar-setup))
- (if (= (% (calendar-absolute-from-gregorian date) 7) 5);; Friday
- (let* ((sunset (car (cdr (solar-sunrise-sunset date))))
- (light (if sunset
- (cons (- (car sunset) (/ 18.0 60.0)) (cdr sunset)))))
- (if sunset
- (format "%s Sabbath candle lighting"
- (apply 'solar-time-string light))))))
-
- (defun solar-equinoxes/solstices (k year)
- "Date of equinox/solstice K for YEAR.
- K=0, spring equinox; K=1, summer solstice; K=2, fall equinox;
- K=3, winter solstice.
- RESULT is a gregorian local date.
-
- Accurate to less than a minute between 1951 and 2050."
- (let* ((JDE0 (solar-mean-equinoxes/solstices k year))
- (T (/ (- JDE0 2451545.0) 36525))
- (W (- (* 35999.373 T) 2.47))
- (Delta-lambda (+ 1 (* 0.0334 (solar-cosine-degrees W))
- (* 0.0007 (solar-cosine-degrees (* 2 W)))))
- (S (apply '+ (mapcar '(lambda(x)
- (* (car x) (solar-cosine-degrees
- (+ (* (car (cdr (cdr x))) T)
- (car (cdr x))))))
- solar-seasons-data)))
- (JDE (+ JDE0 (/ (* 0.00001 S) Delta-lambda)))
- (correction (+ 102.3 (* 123.5 T) (* 32.5 T T)))
- ; ephemeris time correction
- (JD (- JDE (/ correction 86400)))
- (date (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute (floor (- JD 1721424.5))))
- (time (- (- JD 0.5) (floor (- JD 0.5))))
- )
- (list (car date) (+ (car (cdr date)) time
- (/ (/ calendar-time-zone 60.0) 24.0))
- (car (cdr (cdr date))))))
-
- ; from Meeus, 1991, page 166
- (defun solar-mean-equinoxes/solstices (k year)
- "Julian day of mean equinox/solstice K for YEAR.
- K=0, spring equinox; K=1, summer solstice; K=2, fall equinox; K=3, winter
- solstice. These formulas are only to be used between 1000 BC and 3000 AD."
- (let ((y (/ year 1000.0))
- (z (/ (- year 2000) 1000.0)))
- (if (< year 1000) ; actually between -1000 and 1000
- (cond ((equal k 0) (+ 1721139.29189
- (* 365242.13740 y)
- (* 0.06134 y y)
- (* 0.00111 y y y)
- (* -0.00071 y y y y)))
- ((equal k 1) (+ 1721233.25401
- (* 365241.72562 y)
- (* -0.05323 y y)
- (* 0.00907 y y y)
- (* 0.00025 y y y y)))
- ((equal k 2) (+ 1721325.70455
- (* 365242.49558 y)
- (* -0.11677 y y)
- (* -0.00297 y y y)
- (* 0.00074 y y y y)))
- ((equal k 3) (+ 1721414.39987
- (* 365242.88257 y)
- (* -0.00769 y y)
- (* -0.00933 y y y)
- (* -0.00006 y y y y))))
- ; actually between 1000 and 3000
- (cond ((equal k 0) (+ 2451623.80984
- (* 365242.37404 z)
- (* 0.05169 z z)
- (* -0.00411 z z z)
- (* -0.00057 z z z z)))
- ((equal k 1) (+ 2451716.56767
- (* 365241.62603 z)
- (* 0.00325 z z)
- (* 0.00888 z z z)
- (* -0.00030 z z z z)))
- ((equal k 2) (+ 2451810.21715
- (* 365242.01767 z)
- (* -0.11575 z z)
- (* 0.00337 z z z)
- (* 0.00078 z z z z)))
- ((equal k 3) (+ 2451900.05952
- (* 365242.74049 z)
- (* -0.06223 z z)
- (* -0.00823 z z z)
- (* 0.00032 z z z z)))))))
-
- ; from Meeus, 1991, page 167
- (defconst solar-seasons-data
- '((485 324.96 1934.136)
- (203 337.23 32964.467)
- (199 342.08 20.186)
- (182 27.85 445267.112)
- (156 73.14 45036.886)
- (136 171.52 22518.443)
- (77 222.54 65928.934)
- (74 296.72 3034.906)
- (70 243.58 9037.513)
- (58 119.81 33718.147)
- (52 297.17 150.678)
- (50 21.02 2281.226)
- (45 247.54 29929.562)
- (44 325.15 31555.956)
- (29 60.93 4443.417)
- (18 155.12 67555.328)
- (17 288.79 4562.452)
- (16 198.04 62894.029)
- (14 199.76 31436.921)
- (12 95.39 14577.848)
- (12 287.11 31931.756)
- (12 320.81 34777.259)
- (9 227.73 1222.114)
- (8 15.45 16859.074)))
-
- ;;;###autoload
- (defun solar-equinoxes-solstices ()
- "*local* date and time of equinoxes and solstices, if visible in the calendar window.
- Requires floating point."
- (let ((m displayed-month)
- (y displayed-year))
- (increment-calendar-month m y (cond ((= 1 (% m 3)) -1)
- ((= 2 (% m 3)) 1)
- (t 0)))
- (let* ((calendar-standard-time-zone-name
- (if calendar-time-zone calendar-standard-time-zone-name "UTC"))
- (calendar-daylight-savings-starts
- (if calendar-time-zone calendar-daylight-savings-starts))
- (calendar-daylight-savings-ends
- (if calendar-time-zone calendar-daylight-savings-ends))
- (calendar-time-zone (if calendar-time-zone calendar-time-zone 0))
- (k (1- (/ m 3)))
- (d0 (solar-equinoxes/solstices k y))
- (d1 (list (car d0) (floor (car (cdr d0))) (car (cdr (cdr d0)))))
- (h0 (* 24 (- (car (cdr d0)) (floor (car (cdr d0))))))
- (adj (dst-adjust-time d1 h0))
- (d (list (car d1) (+ (car (cdr d1))
- (/ (car (cdr adj)) 24.0))
- (car (cdr (cdr d1)))))
- ; The following is nearly as accurate, but not quite:
- ;(d0 (solar-date-next-longitude
- ; (calendar-astro-from-absolute
- ; (calendar-absolute-from-gregorian
- ; (list (+ 3 (* k 3)) 15 y)))
- ; 90))
- ;(abs-day (calendar-absolute-from-astro d)))
- (abs-day (calendar-absolute-from-gregorian d)))
- (list
- (list (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute (floor abs-day))
- (format "%s %s"
- (nth k (if (and calendar-latitude
- (< (calendar-latitude) 0))
- solar-s-hemi-seasons
- solar-n-hemi-seasons))
- (solar-time-string
- (* 24 (- abs-day (floor abs-day)))
- (if (dst-in-effect abs-day)
- calendar-daylight-time-zone-name
- calendar-standard-time-zone-name))))))))
-
-
- (provide 'solar)
-
- ;;; solar.el ends here
-